May 7 went down in history as Radio Day. It was on this day in 1895 that the outstanding Russian physicist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrated the first system for exchanging radio signals at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society in St. Petersburg. Popov gave a presentation and demonstration of the world's first radio receiver, which he created, carrying out the first radio communication session.
In 1945, on May 7, the USSR widely celebrated the 50th anniversary of the invention of radio. In this regard, the government of the country decided to consider this date as the annual Radio Day, which was later approved by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 1, 1980 No. 3018-X “On holidays and memorial days.” Today is Radio Day, a holiday for workers in all communications sectors, celebrated not only in Russia. In the post-Soviet space, it continues to be celebrated on May 7 also in Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan.
Radio Day is a holiday for all those who are involved in the big world of Radio: professionals in various fields of communications and radio amateurs. Without exaggeration, we can say that this holiday is widely known and loved throughout our country.
Let us remind you that on April 18, many countries around the world celebrate another holiday of a similar theme - World Amateur Radio Day, and on February 13 - a very young holiday - World Radio Day.
1. Raising two unconnected wires to a great height was one of the first experiments in radio signal transmission. Research was carried out in 1868 by American dentist Mahlon Loomis.
2. The first radiogram in history contained only two words: “Heinrich Hertz.” It was sent by Alexander Popov in 1896.
3. The Eiffel Tower owes its “life” to the radio. It was erected specifically for the 1889 World Exhibition. After 20 years, its dismantling was planned. But when the radio was opened, it was decided to install antennas on it for greater range and signal strength. This saved the current symbol of Paris.
4. A 1938 radio play based on H.G. Wells' book The War of the Worlds caused panic in some US cities. Many thought they were listening to real news, where it was said that Martians had attacked the Earth and burned down the White House. Government and news telephone numbers were overloaded with calls.
5. During World War II, the American military used the Basque language to encrypt radio messages. Since it was not distributed throughout Europe, it was incredibly difficult for radio operators from the countries of the Hitlerite coalition to decode such messages.
6. In 1966, radio station KLUE in Texas was outraged by John Lennon's statement that The Beatles had become more popular than Jesus Christ. All the band's records were burned, and a day later lightning struck the building where the station was located, destroying all equipment. At this moment the announcer lost consciousness.
7. A joke on April 1, told on the radio in 1976, caused a storm of indignation in the UK. The radio presenter said that gravity on our planet will decrease due to the passage of Pluto near Venus and that if you jump at 9:47, you can feel weightlessness. Later, the radio station's phone began to receive angry calls from disappointed people.
8. The first Internet radio station was Internet Talk Radio in 1993. And the first radio broadcaster on it was the technologist and writer Karl Malamud.
9. Virologist Luc Montagnier put forward a theory in 2009 that bacteria can interact with each other through radio waves.
10. Not a single public radio station in the United States could broadcast within its own country until 2013. All because of the government decree on protecting citizens from propaganda, which included government propaganda.
CONGRATULATIONS ON RADIO DAY
Today it seems as simple as twice two,
Studied properties that magnetic fields contain.
We have learned to isolate the antenna - capacitor from the circuit,
Everything that was once handed down to us!
Now music and news and even just outgoing beeps,
We extract and listen from the emptiness that previously seemed to be in the ether!
And to everyone who shares my endless delight on this day,
On Radio Day, I wish you a delicious and beautiful cake!
Such a wonderful thing
The wave goes to all limits,
And with it the voices,
They hurry there, they hurry here!
To broadcast live to everyone,
After all, radio is known throughout the world,
We can't live without him,
It's a sure sign on the road,
At the dacha, background for a picnic,
So that things go well at work!
On Radio Day, good luck to everyone,
Who is trying to help us
To broadcast, to live,
May it be good for all of them!
Broadcasting is easy, accessible, interesting,
And this is without a picture, which is perhaps doubly flattering.
Only service in the world can,
What worries the average person on the radio!
On Radio Day, I congratulate everyone who
He prepares programs, puts on songs, and entertains himself!
Who works creatively and besides,
Monitors equipment in a working role,
May their radio day always, everywhere,
They will be happy and welcome on earth!
Yes, many people don't understand
How the waves in the world fly here,
But it doesn't bother us,
So that everyone can still hear for themselves.
What comes to us from the station,
What brings the mood
And there is a day even for
Radio Day is our everything!
Congratulations to you today,
We wish you broadcast without interference!
There is not a single person in the world who has never listened to the radio. This truly ingenious invention fills our lives, helps make it more interesting and enlightened. News, music, humor - all this wealth is brought to us by you, dear radio presenters. Wherever we are, your positive voices fill us with joy, goodness and light, penetrating us and filling our lives with meaning. Thank you for the opportunity to smile or be sad, to think about life, to learn about what is going on around you, and for sharing these feelings with us. We wish you that the happiness, inspiration, love that you bring into our lives will fill you too, and that your work will bring only pleasure!
In the vastness of the radio airwaves
On your holiday everyone sends you greetings,
And in this troubled world
Today there is no place for storms,
Because we are quite satisfied -
Radio communication has been established!
Let these gentle waves
Fill the world with goodness and happiness!
Happy Radio and Communication Day to you!
The world is bright and beautiful
Laughter sounds everywhere...
On the day of radio and communications
No joy of interference!
Can you imagine
Our world without radio?
“Happy Radio and Communications Day!” –
I scream at the top of the air.
Let him tremble in ecstasy
Waves of assorted ligature -
Happy Radio and Communication Day
I congratulate you!
I wish you health,
And ethereal expanse!
Endless connection
To any continent!
We'll drink a glass of wine for you,
Happy holiday, friends!
I congratulate the signalmen,
Engineers and radio operators,
Postmen coming to us
And the ubiquitous fitters.
I wish you health,
and ethereal expanse!
Endless connection
to any continent!
Radio and Communications Day is an important holiday,
To dare to say the opposite is brave.
After all, those who celebrate this holiday
They definitely know a lot about radio and communications!
On May 7, 2018, Russians celebrate the birthday of radio. In 1895, Russian physicist Alexander Popov demonstrated the first radio receiver to the world. The new invention significantly influenced the development of modern science and radio engineering. But the holiday is dedicated not only to the invention of the first radio. On this day, it is customary to congratulate all workers in the communications industry.
In post-Soviet countries, the tradition of celebrating Radio Day on May 7 has been preserved to this day. On May 7, 1945, we celebrated the 50th anniversary of the invention of the first radio receiver. Russian physicist Alexander Popov created a revolution with his discovery, which inspired other scientists to invent a technique that is widely used today.
According to the old style, radio's birthday falls on April 25. Today this date is celebrated on May 7th. The history of the holiday says that in 1895, at a meeting of the Physicochemical Society, the talented Russian scientist Alexander Popov demonstrated a device that worked using wireless remote recording of electromagnetic oscillations from a lightning discharge.
In the USSR, the holiday was solemnly celebrated for the first time only in 1925. However, Radio Day acquired the official status of a holiday when the anniversary arrived. By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 1, 1980 No. 3018-X “On holidays and memorable days,” it was decided to set an annual celebration of this date on May 7.
Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan will also celebrate Radio Day. This, in addition to everything, is also a professional holiday. On the day of the invention of the first radio receiver, it is worth congratulating those whose profession is closely related to various branches of communication. You can congratulate not only professionals, but also radio amateurs.
The meaning of the Radio Day holiday
The invention of radio was another important stage in the development of modern science. With the help of radio waves, people have learned to transmit information to each other while being at a great distance. Radio technology played a major role in political and cultural life in the past, and over the years it has not become less important.
The first radio very soon evolved into a television. Already today, modern people have at their disposal mobile communications, Internet and television. Now this may not seem like something new, but less than a century ago, detector receivers with headphones were perceived as a real miracle of technology.
Radio Day can easily be called a holiday for all those who work on television and radio, as well as signalmen and even postal workers. An invisible connection has united this world and made it more cohesive, so the current information boom owes much to the work of scientists over many decades.
Traditions of Radio Day
Radio Day is celebrated by holding various events in Russian universities. Particular attention is paid to this day in technical educational institutions that are in one way or another connected with physics and mathematics.
At the world's first radiophysics faculty of Nizhny Novgorod State University. N.I. Lobachevsky on May 7 is celebrated solemnly.
The Taganrog State Radio Engineering University holds a concert and an evening of student club alumni meetings.
At the Ryazan State Radio Engineering University, students gather near the walls of the building on the night of May 7, after which they hold a procession near the monument to Alexander Popov.
Participants in the procession congratulate each other with the words “Popov is risen!”, and in response to this it is customary to answer: “Truly Popov!” In addition, Ryazan radio amateurs give each other painted radio tubes.
In Tomsk, students from the dormitory of the Tomsk Institute of Radio and Electronic Technology from the ninth floor throw away old equipment that is no longer suitable for use. With this gesture, students demonstrate that science is moving forward and they need to keep up with progress.
Radio Day is a professional holiday for workers in all communications sectors. The celebrations are attended by specialists whose work is related to the transmission of information via radio channels: engineers, technicians, fitters, announcers and presenters of broadcast stations, workers mobile operators, military signalmen, radio amateurs, teachers and students of radiophysics departments of universities.
Meaning: the date of the holiday is dedicated to the demonstration of the world's first radio receiver in action on May 7, 1895.
On Radio Day, communication workers are awarded certificates and bonuses. Radio engineering exhibitions, concerts, meetings of graduates of radio engineering universities are timed to coincide with the holiday, and processions are organized to the monument to A. Popov.
History of the holiday
The holiday was first held in the USSR in 1925. The resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated May 4, 1945 established the annual Radio Day on May 7. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 1, 1980 No. 3018-X “On holidays and memorable days” renamed it Radio Day, a holiday for workers in all communications sectors. The holiday is not provided for in the legislation of the Russian Federation, but it continues to be celebrated in Russia according to Soviet traditions.
The date of Radio Day is dedicated to the demonstration of the world's first radio receiver in action. On May 7, 1895, Russian physicist Alexander Popov carried out the first radio communication session. He transmitted the message using Morse code.
Holiday traditions
On Radio Day, communications workers receive certificates, letters of gratitude, and bonuses for their labor merits from management. Radio technology exhibitions are held in museums. Festive concerts are broadcast on television channels.
Radio engineering universities organize alumni meeting evenings and radio engineering design competitions. Students congratulate each other with the phrase “Popov got in touch!”, to which it is customary to respond “Truly Popov!”, They exchange painted receivers. They organize festive processions to the monument to A. Popov and along the streets of the city.
Tomsk students living in the dormitory state university Control and radio electronics systems (TUSUR) traditionally throw out old electronics from windows on this day: TVs, refrigerators, monitors, radios.
Daily task
Send congratulations to your favorite radio station for your acquaintances involved in this holiday, friends or relatives who like to listen to the radio.
- In 2008, the Russian comedy film “Radio Day” was released based on the play of the same name.
- The world's first radio message was transmitted by A. Popov on March 24 (March 12, old style) 1896 at a distance of 250 m. The text consisted of two words - “Heinrich Hertz.”
- The first Internet radio appeared in 1993. It was called InternetTalkRadio.
- Radio saved the Eiffel Tower in Paris. It was built for the 1889 World's Fair and was planned to be removed after 20 years. After the advent of radio, antennas began to be installed on the tower. Thanks to this, it was not demolished.
- There are shortwave radio stations in the world that broadcast encrypted messages in the form of a set of numbers, letters or words. They are read out by a distorted announcer's voice or a computer voice. The ownership and purpose of these stations is unknown. They are attributed to intelligence services, spies, drug mafias and other secret organizations.
Toasts
“Dear radio and communications workers! We are glad to congratulate you on your professional holiday! You connect hearts and souls, thoughts and human affairs, you are mediators of our connection with the outside world, information magicians and inspirers! Thank you for your timely communication, reliable information, interesting radio programs, and for your highly qualified and conscientious work! We wish you high salaries, patience, inspiration and constant improvement, successful broadcasts, modern radio equipment, fast transport, generous sponsors and patrons of the arts! We wish you interesting business trips, travel and adventures, exciting events in life and at work, a beautiful holiday, home comfort and warmth, tender love and universal happiness!
“Congratulations on Radio Day! I wish you good news, great ideas, good work, successful activities, funny stories, useful information, exciting activities and great happiness on the path of life.”
“Congratulations on Radio Day and I want to wish the frequency of happy megahertz and radio waves great luck. May every day be full of only good news, interesting facts and wonderful songs, let your favorite radio give not only a good mood, but also a lot of ideas, inspiration and optimistic notes of cheerfulness!
Present
Retro receiver. A radio made in retro style will serve as an original gift idea for a radio enthusiast or radio worker.
Wireless headphones. Wireless headphones will be a useful and pleasant gift that will allow you to enjoy listening to your favorite radio station while walking, doing housework, or playing sports.
Sweet present. A cake in the shape of a radio will be an unusual thematic gift for the holiday, which can be presented individually or to a professional team.
Car audio system. Speaker system for a car will be a wonderful gift for a driver who cannot imagine driving without a radio.
Competitions
Opposite meaning
Several teams with the same number of participants can take part in the competition. Teams choose a song and change the words in the chorus to antonyms to form coherent sentences. Then the received couplets are read out to the audience, inviting the guests of the holiday to guess the encrypted compositions. The most creative team wins the competition.
Continue the song
Several teams take part in the competition. The presenter takes turns playing famous songs, which stop in the middle of the composition. Participants in the competition must remember the words as quickly as possible and continue the song. The team that manages to correctly continue the largest number of compositions wins.
Guess the movie
All guests of the holiday can take part in the competition. The presenter takes turns playing songs and melodies from famous films or cartoons. Contestants must guess and name the movie. The participant who manages to guess the largest number of films wins.
About the profession
The staff of radio stations consists of editors, radio hosts, journalists, correspondents, sound engineers, and technicians. Their professional responsibilities include preparing and broadcasting programs and servicing transmitting and receiving devices. Working on the radio is suitable for creative, sociable people who like to be in the center of events. The path to the profession begins with receiving the appropriate specialized education.
Radio presenters are trained by journalism faculties of higher educational institutions. The following professional requirements are imposed on workers in this specialty: sociability, beautiful, correct and competent speech, rich vocabulary, broad outlook, erudition, sense of tact.
The salaries of radio station workers depend on the rating and budget of the radio station, and on the qualifications of specialists.
This holiday in other countries
May 7 - holiday radio day is a professional May holiday for all those people whose work is related to the communications industry. Agree, it is difficult to imagine our life without radio and television, the Internet and mail, cellular communication and other achievements of scientific and technological progress. But let's go back to the roots and learn the history of radio day.
History of the Radio Day holiday
It must be said that we owe the appearance of this holiday, and indeed the radio itself, to the outstanding Russian physicist and inventor - Alexander Popov. In 1895, April 25 according to the old style, and the current May 7 A.S. At a department meeting, Popov demonstrated a spark wireless transceiver radio system that made it possible to exchange information signals. We can say that it was this event that became the starting point when radio communications were created, and this date is considered the birthday of Russian radio. The history of Radio Day officially began in 1945 in the USSR, and from that moment the holiday began to be celebrated. It was established by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars on May 2. It must be said that radio played a huge role in both cultural and political life. Radio Day holiday in Russia today celebrates not only radio workers - radio operators, but also all those people who work in the telecommunications and information industry, television broadcasting, as well as radio amateurs, postal workers and signalmen. In short, all those who promptly inform about the most important events taking place in our country. There is another holiday, World Amateur Radio Day, which is celebrated on February 15 in more than 150 countries around the world. But its history is connected with other events, namely with the emergence of the International Amateur Radio Union.
Happy Radio Day!
Do you want to radio day congratulations their relatives and friends, whose professional activity related to radio communications? Well, you've come to the right place. On our website you will find everything you need for unusual, bright and memorable congratulations. Professional poets will help you write personalized greetings, Happy Radio Day poems. Artists and actors can be invited to a self-organized concert on this occasion, making it more original. You can congratulate the radio on its birthday in a variety of ways, the only limitation will be your imagination. In any case, the key to a successful holiday event is the script.
Radio Day script
Radio Day Scenarios- this is a great opportunity to organize and host a festive evening. Some cities even have their own traditions of holding radio day. For example, do you want to know: where and when is Radio Day celebrated in Yekaterinburg? Every May 7 at 22:00 local time a traditional procession is organized from UPI to the monument to A.S. Popov, where the event ends with the performance of the RadioFak anthem and the launch of balloons into the sky. Today, radio day is also celebrated in other cities, but not on such a large scale. To organize a radio day celebration, order scripts from professionals and host a party for such a unique occasion. Well, if your organization works in the communications industry - then a corporate event, this is the best thing to do - celebrate birthday of Russian radio. the site, in turn, congratulates everyone on the upcoming radio day!
On May 7 (April 25, old style), 1895, Russian physicist Alexander Popov demonstrated a radio communication session. This date was first solemnly celebrated in the USSR in 1925, and since 1945 the holiday has been celebrated annually.
Radio Day is a holiday (in the USSR and Russia) for workers in all branches of communications and radio engineering.
History of the holiday
On May 7 (April 25, old style), 1895, Russian physicist Alexander Popov demonstrated a radio communication session. This date was first solemnly celebrated in the USSR in 1925, and since 1945 the holiday has been celebrated annually.
Celebration
Radio Day is celebrated annually on May 7th. The modern information boom is the result of the work of many generations of scientists, engineers, technicians - everyone whom fate has connected with the communications industry. And therefore, Radio Day can safely be called a professional holiday for television workers, radio broadcasters, postal workers, signalmen, shortwave operators - radio amateurs. Everyone who promptly informs us about the most important events taking place in the country is united on the radio waves by human affairs, thoughts and souls.
The celebration of Radio Day at the Ryazan State Radio Engineering University annually gathers thousands of students and graduates at the walls of the educational institution. The holiday begins with a religious procession on the night of May 7 around the monument to A.S. Popov, near the University building. Celebrants congratulate each other with the words “Popov is risen!” to which it is customary to respond “Truly Popov!” This tradition is associated with a long-standing dispute about the priority of the invention of radio between Popov and Marconi. The phrase “Truly Popov!” Popov's priority is emphasized. It is practiced to give colored radio tubes to friends (similar to Easter eggs). Since 2012, the university administration has been taking measures to prevent the night part of the event celebration.
Students, graduates and teachers of the Radio Engineering Faculty of USTU-UPI in Yekaterinburg annually at 22.00 local time hold a torchlight procession from the faculty building to the monument to Popov, while local authorities are forced to block the movement of the main highways along which the celebrating column of procession participants moves.
In Tomsk, the tradition of celebrating Radio Day appeared along with the opening of the Faculty of Radio Engineering and the formation of the Tomsk Institute of Radio and Electronic Technology - TIRiET (now TUSUR), gradually growing from a professional holiday into one of the main traditions of the university. Every year since 1986, on May 7, students organize a festive procession through the streets of Tomsk. Since 2001, the holiday has received the status of a city event, in which not only students and graduates of TUSUR, but also students of other universities in Tomsk and guests from other cities take part. It has also become a tradition that at the end of the procession from TUSUR dormitory no. 6 from the ninth floor, students throw away all their old electronics: televisions, monitors, keyboards and even refrigerators. This “gesture of generosity” suggests that progress does not stand still and every year university students invent something new, and break the old and no longer usable into thousands of microcircuits.
At the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, at the Faculty of Radio Engineering and Cybernetics, a competition of radio engineering designs is held annually.
In addition to the former Soviet republics, this holiday is celebrated in Bulgaria (Bulgarian Den on radio and television).
Facts
In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the invention of radio by the Russian scientist A. S. Popov, celebrated on May 7, 1945, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR decided: given the most important role of radio in the cultural and political life of the population and for the defense of the country, in order to popularize the achievements of domestic science and technology in the field of radio and the promotion of amateur radio among the general public, establish the annual “Radio Day” on May 7.
Popov's scientific research
The ship's radio receiving station of A. S. Popov, model 1901, was designed for tape and ear reception. Many ships of the Black Sea Fleet were equipped with such receiving stations. During general naval maneuvers on September 7, 1899, it was possible to maintain radio contact with the ships "George the Victorious", "Three Saints" and "Captain Saken", which were drifting 14 km from the coast. In memory of this, it was named Radiogorka in Sevastopol.
A. S. Popov’s device arose from an installation for educational demonstrations of Hertz’s experiments, built by A. S. Popov for educational purposes back in 1889; Hertz's vibrator served as a transmitter for the scientist. At the beginning of 1895, A. S. Popov became interested in the experiments of O. Lodge (who improved the coherer and built a radio receiver on its basis, with the help of which in August 1894 he was able to receive radio signals from a distance of 40 m), and tried to reproduce them by building his own modification of Lodge's receiver .
The main difference between Popov's receiver and Lodge's receiver was the following. The Branly-Lodge coherer was a glass tube filled with metal filings, which could dramatically—several hundred times—change their conductivity under the influence of a radio signal. To bring the coherer to its original state to detect a new wave, it was necessary to shake it to break the contact between the filings. Lodge had an automatic striker attached to the glass tube, which struck it constantly; A. S. Popov introduced automatic feedback into the circuit: a radio signal triggered a relay, which turned on the bell, and at the same time a drummer was triggered, striking a glass tube with sawdust. In his experiments, A. S. Popov used a grounded mast antenna, invented in 1893 by Tesla.
He first presented his invention on April 25 (May 7, new style) 1895 at a meeting of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society in the Jeu de Paume building (room for sports exercises) in the courtyard of St. Petersburg University. The topic of the lecture was: “On the relationship of metal powders to electrical vibrations.” Until recently, it was mistakenly believed that the first publication in which a description of the wireless telegraph was given was the publication of minutes 15/201 of the said meeting - in the December 1895 issue of the RFHO journal (the actual state of affairs is discussed below, in the part devoted to priority). In a published description of his device, A. S. Popov noted its usefulness for lecture purposes and recording perturbations occurring in the atmosphere; he also expressed the hope that “my device, with further improvement, can be applied to the transmission<на деле — к приёму>signals over distances using fast electrical oscillations, as soon as a source of such oscillations with sufficient energy is found” (later, from 1945, this event will be celebrated in the USSR as Radio Day). Work in the Maritime Department imposed certain restrictions on the publication of research results, therefore, observing this oath of non-disclosure of information constituting classified information, Popov did not publish new results of his work.
A. S. Popov connected his device with the Richard brothers’ writing coil and thus obtained a device for recording electromagnetic oscillations in the atmosphere; Having learned after a meeting of the Russian Federal Chemical Society about this modification from his assistant G. A. Lyuboslavsky, a student of Alexander Stepanovich, the founder of the physics department of the Forestry Institute D. A. Lachinov was the first to install a “lightning detector” (or “discharge detector” - he was the first to give such names to the device) on his weather station, where the first recordings of electrical discharges in the atmosphere were obtained. However, when the first information about the invention of Marconi’s radiotelegraph appeared in the press (he demonstrated the transmission of radiograms over 3 km on September 2, 1896), A. S. Popov began to make statements that priority in radiotelegraphy belonged to him, and that his device was identical to Marconi’s device. Nevertheless, on October 19 (31), 1897, Popov said in a report at the Electrical Engineering Institute: “A telegraphing device has been assembled here. We were not able to send a coherent telegram because we did not have practice, all the details of the devices still need to be developed.” On December 18, 1897, Popov transmitted, using a telegraph apparatus connected to the device, the words: “Heinrich Hertz.” The receiver was located in the physical laboratory of St. Petersburg University, and the transmitter was located in the building of a chemical laboratory at a distance of 250 m. The literature, however, states that this experiment was carried out on March 24, 1896 (that is, before Marconi’s application). The minutes of this meeting only say: “... 8. A. S. Popov shows instruments for lecture demonstrations of Hertz’s experiments...”.
However, a note about the experiment on transmitting radio signals over a distance without wires on April 25, 1895, during a report at a meeting of the Russian Physical-Chemical Society at St. Petersburg University, with a full description of the experiment itself, was published in the Kronstadt Bulletin newspaper dated April 30, 1895 (original the receiver and a note from the Kronstadt Messenger can be seen at the A.S. Popov Central Migration Center in St. Petersburg).
Since 1897, Popov conducted experiments on radiotelegraphy on ships of the Baltic Fleet. In the summer of 1899, when Popov was in Switzerland, his assistants - P. N. Rybkin, D. S. Troitsky and A. A. Petrovsky - while carrying out work between two Kronstadt forts, accidentally discovered that the coherer, with a signal level insufficient for its excitation, converts the amplitude-modulated high-frequency signal into a low-frequency one, so that its signals can be received by ear. Upon learning of this, Popov modified his receiver by installing telephone handsets instead of a sensitive relay, and in the summer of 1901 received Russian privilege No. 6066, group XI, with priority on July 14 (26), 1899 for a new (linear-amplitude) type of “telegraph receiver” dispatches sent by any source of electromagnetic waves via the Morse system."
After this, the Ducrete company, which had already produced receivers of his design in 1898, began producing telephone receivers. Among the first ships equipped with Popov's radiotelegraph was the icebreaker Ermak.
In many Western countries, Marconi is considered the inventor of radio, although other candidates are also named: in Germany Hertz is considered the creator of radio, in a number of Balkan countries - Nikola Tesla, in Belarus J. O. Narkevich-Iodka. The claim about Popov's priority is based on the fact that Popov demonstrated the radio receiver he invented at a meeting of the physics department of the Russian Physical-Chemical Society on April 25 (May 7), 1895, while Marconi filed an application for the invention on June 2, 1896. This was often accompanied by direct or indirect accusations of plagiarism against Marconi: his works of 1895 are not reflected anywhere (more precisely, they are known only from people close to him, whose impartiality is questionable), at the same time he used a slightly modified Popov receiver, the description of which was published in the same 1895, with the release in July of the 2nd edition of “Fundamentals of Meteorology and Climatology” by D. A. Lachinov, which sets out the principle of operation of the “Popov discharge marker” - this is the first description of the prototype. Popov himself, from the beginning of 1897 (that is, from the appearance of the first newspaper reports about Marconi’s experiments), began to actively defend his priority, supported in this by his relatives and colleagues. In the 1940s in the USSR his priority (including among scientists) was considered indisputable.
May 7 has been declared Radio Day since 1945. In 1995, UNESCO held a ceremonial meeting on this day dedicated to the centenary of the invention of radio. The Board of Directors of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) noted A. S. Popov's demonstration as a milestone in electrical and electronics engineering. An article in the "History" section on the official IEEE website claims that A. S. Popov was indeed the first, but was forced to sign a non-disclosure agreement related to teaching at the Marine Engineering School. An inscription is cast on the Milestone plaque that reads: “A. S. Popov’s contribution to the development of telecommunications, 1895. On May 7, 1895, A. S. Popov demonstrated the possibility of transmitting and receiving short and long signals over a distance of up to 64 meters using electromagnetic waves using a special portable device that responded to electrical vibrations, which became a defining contribution to the development of wireless communications." A similar memorial plaque was installed in Switzerland. It indicates that Marconi began his experiments on wireless telegraphy on September 25, 1895.
Popov’s priority is also justified by the fact that on March 25, 1896 (that is, two months before Marconi’s application) he conducted experiments with radiotelegraphy, connecting his apparatus with a telegraph and sending a two-word radiogram at a distance of 250 m: “Heinrich Hertz.” At the same time, they refer to the memories of Popov’s relatives, as well as to the report of Professor V.V. Skobeltsyn at the Electrical Engineering Institute dated April 14, 1896, “A.S. Popov’s device for recording electrical oscillations.” The report (which appeared before Marconi's first patent) states bluntly:
“In conclusion, the speaker performed an experiment with a Hertz vibrator, which was placed in the neighboring outbuilding on the opposite side of the yard. Despite the considerable distance and stone walls located in the path of propagation of electric rays, with any signal by which the vibrator was activated, the device bell sounded loudly.”
The entry refers to a meeting of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society on March 24, 1896; the recording clearly states that Popov transmitted signals over a considerable distance, that is, in fact, this was the very device that would be patented by Marconi in a few months.
However, already in the minutes of the meeting on March 25 it is said: “A. S. Popov shows instruments for lecture demonstration of Hertz’s experiments.” On October 19/31, 1897 (that is, after Marconi created a radio station that transmitted over 21 km), Popov said in a report at the Electrical Engineering Institute: “A telegraphing device has been assembled here. We were unable to send a coherent telegram because we had no practice, all the details of the devices still need to be developed.” The transmission of the first radio telegrams by the Popovs, according to documentary evidence, occurred on December 18, 1897.
Supporters of Popov's priority point out that:
· Popov was the first to demonstrate the experience of radiotelegraphy by sending a radiogram (March 24, 1896).
Both occurred before Marconi's patent application.
Popov's radio transmitters were widely used on sea vessels.
To this, critics object that:
There is no documented evidence that Popov tried to seriously engage in the introduction of radiotelegraphy until 1897 (that is, before he learned about Marconi’s work).
In his lecture (lecture topic: “On the relationship of metal powders to electrical vibrations”) Popov did not touch upon the issues of radiotelegraphy and did not even try to adapt a radio receiver for it (the device was adapted for capturing atmospheric phenomena and was called a “lightning detector”).
Popov's goal was to improve the experiments of O.D. Lodge, and his radio receiver was an improved modification of Lodge's coherer receiver.
Supporters of Popov's priority, however, explain the lack of documentary evidence of Popov's experiments with radiotelegraphy before 1897 (contemporary with the experiments themselves, and not in later memories) by the fact that since Popov served in the naval department, his experiments were of a military nature, and therefore secret in the documents reflected deliberately vaguely.
Thus, according to some critics, the “father” of radio in the broad sense of the word is Hertz, the “father-distributor” of radiotelegraphy is Marconi, who adapted Hertz’s transmitter and Popov’s receiver to practical problem- transmission and reception of radio telegrams, connecting the first with a telegraph key, and the second with a printing telegraph machine. But in general, raising the question of the invention of radio in general (and not radiotelegraphy and other specific forms of its application), in Nikolsky’s opinion, is as absurd as raising the question of the “invention” of earthly gravity.
During the 20th century, in many Western countries, especially in Italy and England, the slogan “Marconi is the father of radio” was promoted, and Popov and his inventions were deliberately kept silent, while in the USSR and socialist countries everything was exactly the opposite. For example, in the Soviet “Encyclopedic Dictionary” of 1955 there is no article about Marconi, but about Popov it is said: “Radio was invented by the Russian scientist A.S. Popov in 1895.” In Soviet literature, Popov is also credited with the invention of the antenna, although Popov himself wrote that “the use of a mast at the sending station and at the receiving station to transmit signals using electrical oscillations” is the merit of Nikola Tesla. Popov was also credited with creating a coherer. At the same time, not only the experiments of Oliver Lodge, but also his very existence were hushed up, just as Tesla’s early experiments were hushed up. Thus, in the 3rd edition of TSB, Tesla’s work in the field of radio is dated to the era after Popov: “T.’s work on wireless signal transmission in the period 1896-1904 (...) had a significant impact on the development of radio engineering.”
