What is the response time of a computer monitor?
Speaking in dry scientific language, the response time of liquid crystal monitors is the shortest time that a pixel needs to change the brightness of the glow and is measured in milliseconds. (ms)
It would seem that everything is simple and clear, but if we consider the issue in detail, it turns out that these numbers hide several secrets.
A bit of science and history
The time of warm and tube CRT monitors with honest Hertz frame scan and RGB color has already passed. Then everything was clear - 100 Hz is good, and 120 Hz is even better. Each user knew what these numbers showed - how many times per second the picture on the screen is updated, or blinks. For comfortable viewing of dynamically changing scenes (for example, films), it was recommended to use a frame rate of 25 for TV and 30 Hz for digital video. The basis was the medical statement that human vision perceives an image as continuous if it blinks at least twenty-five times per second.
But technology has evolved, and liquid crystal panels, also called LCD, TFT, LCD, took over the baton from the CRT (cathode ray tube). Although production technologies differ, we will not focus on the details in this article; we will talk about the differences between TFT and LCD another time
What affects response time?
So, the principle of LCD operation is that the matrix cells change their brightness under the influence of a control signal, in other words, they switch. And this switching speed or response time determines the maximum speed of changing the picture on the display.
It is converted into the usual hertz using the formula f=1/t. That is, in order to obtain the required 25 Hz, it is necessary to provide the pixels with a speed of 40 ms and 33 ms for 30 Hz.
Is it a lot or a little, and which monitor response time is better?
- If the time is long, then with sudden changes in the scene, artifacts will appear - where the matrix is already black, the matrix still shows white. Or an object is displayed that has already disappeared from the camera's field of view.
- When the human eye is shown unclear pictures, visual fatigue increases, headaches may appear, and fatigue may increase. This is due to the visual tract - the brain is constantly interpolating information coming from the retina, and the eye itself is busy constantly changing focus.
It turns out that less is better. Especially if you have to spend most of your time at the computer. The older generation remembers how hard it was to sit through an eight-hour workday in front of a CRT - and yet they provided 60 Hz or more.
How can I find out and check the response time?
Although milliseconds are milliseconds in Africa, many have probably encountered the fact that different monitors with the same indicators produce images of different quality. This situation arose due to different methods for determining the matrix reaction. And it is hardly possible to find out what measurement method the manufacturer used in each specific case.
There are three main methods for measuring monitor response:
- BWB, also known as BtB, is an abbreviation of the English phrase “Black to Back” and “Black-White-Black”. Shows the time it takes for a pixel to switch from black to white and back to black. The most honest indicator.
- BtW – stands for “Black to White”. Switching on from an inactive state to one hundred percent luminosity.
- GtG is short for "Grey to Grey". How much does a point need to change the brightness of gray from ninety percent to ten. Usually it is about 1-2 ms.
And it turns out that checking the monitor’s response time using the third method will show a much better and more attractive result for the consumer than checking using the second. But if you don’t find fault, they’ll write that it’s 2 ms and that’s how it will be. But in fact, artifacts appear on the monitor, and the picture goes like a trail. And all because only the BWB method shows the true state of affairs- the first method, it is this that indicates the time required for a pixel to complete a full operating cycle in all possible states.
Unfortunately, the documentation available to consumers does not clarify the picture and what is meant by, for example, 8 ms is difficult to understand. Will it fit and be comfortable to work with?
For laboratory research, a rather complex software and hardware complex is used, which not every workshop has. But what if you want to check the manufacturer?
Checking the response time of the monitor at home is carried out by the TFT Monitor Test program .
By selecting the test icon in the software menu and specifying native resolution The screen displays a picture with a rectangle scurrying back and forth. At the same time, the program will proudly display the measured time! 
We used version 1.52, tested several displays and concluded that the program shows something, and even in milliseconds. Moreover, a monitor of poorer quality demonstrated worse results. But since the time of extinguishing and lighting of pixels is recorded only by a photosensor, which was not in sight, a purely software method can be recommended for a subjective comparative assessment - what the program measures is clear only to its developers.
A much more visual empirical test would be the “White Square” mode in the TFT Monitor Test - a white square moves across the screen, and the tester’s task is to observe the loop from this geometric figure. The longer the cable, the more time the matrix spends on switching and the worse its properties.
That’s all you can do to solve the problem “How to check the response time of a monitor.” We will not describe methods using cameras and calibration tables, but will consider them another time - this will take a couple more days. A full check can only be performed by a specialized organization with the appropriate technical base.
Gaming monitor response time
If the main purpose of the computer is gaming, then you should choose a monitor with the shortest response time. In fast-paced shooters, even a tenth of a second can decide the outcome of a battle. Therefore, the recommended monitor response time for games is no more than 8 ms. This value provides a frame rate of 125 Hz, and will be absolutely sufficient for any toy.
At the next closest value of 16ms, motion blur will be observed in hard batches. These statements are true if the declared time was measured by BWB, but craftily companies can write both 2 ms and 1 ms. Our recommendation remains the same - the less the better. Based on this approach, we say that the response time of a monitor for games should be at least 2 ms, since 2 ms GtG approximately corresponds to 16 ms BWB.
How to change the response time in the monitor?
Unfortunately, there is almost no way without replacing the screen. This is a characteristic of the layer itself, which is responsible for forming the image, and corresponds to the manufacturer’s design decision. There is, of course, a small loophole and the engineers solved the question: “How to change the response time.”
Companies that produce monitors call this feature OverDrive (OD) or RTC - response time compensation. This is when a pulse of more than high voltage, and it shifts faster. If the monitor sparkles with the inscription “Gaming Mode” or something similar, then you should know that it is possible to adjust it for the better. Let us explain once again to make it completely clear - no programs or replacements of video cards will help and nothing can be tweaked - this is a physical property of the matrix and its controller.
Conclusions
Buying a video card for a thousand or one and a half conventional units in order to run your favorite games at at least a hundred FPS, and supplying a video signal to a monitor that can barely handle forty FPS, is a little irrational. It’s better to add a hundred to the display and enjoy the full dynamics of games and movies without disappointment - you definitely won’t get any pleasure from a 40 ms matrix, and the joy of owning a powerful video adapter will outweigh the poor image quality.
Selecting the diagonal of the LCD TV
When choosing an LCD TV, you should start by determining the size of its diagonal. LCD TVs with a diagonal of 19-20 inches will fit well in the kitchen or children's room; for a bedroom or small living room, a diagonal of 26-37 inches will be optimal, and for a home cinema, choose a TV with a diagonal of 40 inches or more.
Working resolution: FullHD and HD Ready
One of the important technical characteristics of a TV is matrix resolution. It is indicated by two numbers, the first of which indicates the number of pixels in the width of the screen, and the second in the height. The higher the resolution, the greater the number of pixels, which means the clearer image you will see on the screen.
In the specifications of many modern TV models you can find the terms Full HD or HD Ready. Full HD corresponds to a resolution of 1920x1080 pixels and means that your TV screen will have at least 2 million pixels (five times more than in the picture of a regular television signal). This is a high-definition image format that allows you to watch HDTV TV programs and videos from Blu-ray discs. For you, this will mean a clear image with excellent detail.
With a 1366x768 HD Ready TV, you can still receive high definition signals, but your screen will have an average pixel count of about 1 million pixels.
Brightness, contrast and viewing angle
Important indicators of the LCD TV matrix are brightness and contrast. The numbers of these parameters affect the quality of color reproduction and the comfort of watching TV in different lighting conditions. The width of the viewing angles will determine how well you will see the image if you are not in front of the screen, but slightly to the side.
Let's start with brightness. The higher the number indicating this parameter, the more free you will be in choosing options for placing the LCD TV in the room. If you want to place the TV in front of a window or are going to watch it in bright electric light, for example, in the kitchen, choose a brighter model - from 450 to 500 cd/sq.m.
A TV's contrast numbers indicate the difference between white pixels and black pixels. IN technical specifications they are designated by a ratio such as 100:1. this means that the brightest parts of the picture differ from the darkest by a factor of 100. This means that the higher the first number, the more shades you will see on the screen. There is another type of contrast - dynamic contrast. This figure is always higher than the static contrast figures. This is the monitor’s ability to automatically change the brightness of the bright colors and the depth of the dark shades of the image. A high level of dynamic contrast visually greatly expands the color gamut of the image.
TV is often watched by several people at once. This means that it is usually convenient for them to be located not directly in front of the screen, but throughout the room. It should not be forgotten that the greater the viewing angle of the TV, the more contrast the image will be. Models with a viewing angle below 170 degrees are only suitable for single viewing. If you have a large family or like to watch movies with friends, choose a TV with viewing angles of 180 degrees.
Pixel response time
An important indicator of an LCD TV is its pixel response time. The smaller it is, the faster the transparency of each pixel will change without loss of quality. The unit of measurement is milliseconds.
Why you need to choose TVs with shorter pixel response times becomes clear when watching dynamic scenes in movies or computer games. With a pixel response time greater than 8 ms, you will notice blurred details, as if a moving object has a trail. For large-diagonal TVs, the recommended pixel response time is 5 ms or lower.
Technology 100, which is used in some TV models, increases the amount of information that is displayed on the screen. The technology allows you to calculate intermediate frames. By adding an intermediate image to each original frame, an increase in image smoothness is achieved.
A TV tuner is a device that decodes the incoming signal and converts it into a “readable” picture. Previously, a tuner was installed in all TVs. Now manufacturers leave the choice up to you - whether you need a tuner and which one. Satellite or cable television TV tuner is not required. Based on the type of connection, TV tuners are divided into built-in and external. Based on signal type, TV tuners are either analog or digital.
Built-in tuner is the most common type of TV tuner. The main advantage is its invisibility and ease of use. All necessary connectors are available on the back or side of the TV.
External tuners have several advantages. First of all, you can independently choose the manufacturer and types of formats supported by the TV tuner. Secondly, it is possible to upgrade or replace the tuner with a more modern model.
An analog tuner is installed by default on all LCD TVs. It receives the signal from the antenna and decrypts it.
Digital tuners vary in the types of resolutions they support. Most common standard digital television now DVB-T.
LCD TV Interfaces
A TV today is not just a free-standing box with an antenna. This is a real multimedia center for the home, to which players, game consoles, video cameras and digital storage devices are connected. The more interfaces your LCD TV has, the more possibilities for using it open to you.
Analog connectors: S-Video, composite, component and SCART are found on almost all modern TVs. But the signal transmitted with their help is not the best quality. Therefore, if you want to use all the features of your TV, choose models with digital connectors. The DVI output allows you to receive a video signal from a DVD player or computer. And if you want maximum quality, you need an HDMI interface.
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And don't be made a fool.
Almost any large electronics chain store offers a couple hundred TV models. My eyes are wide open, to be honest. In order not to fall for the tricks of marketers and the persuasion of sales consultants, you need to learn to identify all the disadvantages of a particular model a mile away.
The company’s experts helped us understand the theory and test it in practice. TP Vision. Thanks for the detailed and useful information, guys!
We tried to understand the main problems and formulate general recommendations regarding the process of choosing a TV.
Vulnerabilities
Cheap display panelsThe display panels of modern LCD TVs differ not only in diagonal and backlight. Different itself work technology liquid crystals. Moreover, these differences are fundamental.
*clickable
Have you ever wondered why the cost of two TVs with the same diagonal may differ? several times? The use of outdated display panels plays a significant role in this. TN matrices are becoming less and less common, giving way to VA and IPS technologies. But each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Response timeA little theory.
Response time is the speed at which the LCD cell is able to change the degree of transparency to form an image.
* That is, how quickly the color will change in one pixel.
Measured in milliseconds, the shorter it is, the better the display will be. dynamic scenes. Hollywood invests millions in special effects, so why watch these scenes distorted?
At the same time, each manufacturer considers it his duty measure response time in your own way. For example, GtG (gray to gray), BtW (black to white), BtB or BWB (black to white and back). Single standard no, so this parameter can be compared among TVs of the same brand. The easiest way is to ask to turn on the same action scene on several models and take a closer look. Or torture the seller with what technology the manufacturer uses to measure response time, although they simply do not have such information.
Sellers' tricksSellers must give full And exhaustive information about the product. Bullshit. They should sell it to you. Those who manage to combine these skills meet very rarely.
What is the easiest way to convince a buyer that one TV is better than another? Easily. Raise the contrast and saturation on the desired product. If the manufacturer has not already done so. Feel free to ask to set the standard display mode on the models being compared.
Dumb Smart TVFavorite function of sales consultants. The ability to watch movies online without leaving the couch tempts most Russian-speaking users. And if the applications preinstalled on the TV work more or less tolerably, then the built-in browser, as a rule, is simply disgusting.
Found the right page on the Internet? Ok, first get through the redirects and pop-up banners. Just a couple of clicks? Yes, but this may take a couple of minutes, because few browsers on TV can boast of high speed. If the store's TV is connected to the network, it would be a good idea to try out the Smart TV functions.
Terrible interfaceThe logic for operating the menu is different for each brand of TV. And not always lucky. Duplicate sections, windows within windows, inconvenient navigation - you just can't find anything.
The implementation of the keyboard also raises many questions. Typing text with a couple of buttons on the remote control is a sophisticated punishment, nothing less.
No required connectorsIt seems simple: we take all our devices used with the TV and look at what connectors are needed.
No matter how it is, TV is a purchase long-term, you need to think in advance about what will be connected to it in the future. It would be a good idea to find out the current strength in the USB connectors to know whether higher-capacity hard drives will open.
How to do it
- Matrix
How not to make a mistake when choosing a matrix? We need to decide for what purposes buy a TV.
Types of matrices. Old TN matrices are quite enough if you use a TV as a monitor. For work and play - just right. It shows dynamic scenes perfectly, and these TVs are among the cheapest on the market. Cons: narrow viewing angle and dull color, which is not suitable for designers and lovers of beautiful cinema.
VA matrices are good at rendering black. The result is a beautiful, contrasting picture, but viewing angles suffer. Although they are wider than in TN matrices. These TVs are suitable for those who like to sit on the couch and play Xbox or PS.
IPS matrices have excellent color reproduction and a huge viewing angle. The most important thing is to watch TV series The whole family can sit wherever is convenient. The main disadvantage is the shallow black color, the picture turns out “flat”.
Permission. It’s not worth participating in the race for permission yet, quite enough 1920x1080 pixels. 4K TVs can certainly deliver breathtaking pictures, but for now... there is practically no such content. Except YouTube. The option remains to buy one for the future, but technological progress does not stand still, and it is not a fact that today’s 4K TV will be relevant in a couple of years.
Scan. You can often see the designations 1080p and 1080i (or 720p and 720i), be careful it's not the same thing. The resolution is the same in both versions, but the scan type is different.
- At 1080i (interlaced), the image is displayed sequentially, in even and odd lines. As a result, there is a ladder at the boundaries of the object and frame jitter, all of which they try to smooth out using software methods. The frame rate is limited.
- At 1080p (progressive scan), the image is displayed on the screen immediately, the frame rate is higher.
Feel free to choose the second option.
- Backlight type
If the LCD panel is not illuminated, it will not show anything. IN modern models occurs predominantly LED backlight(LED), the old CCFL (fluorescent lamps) can only be found in the cheapest and thickest TVs.
LED lighting can be edge lighting (Edge LED) or carpet lighting (Direct LED). In the first case The diodes are located on the sides, and the light from them is scattered through the diffuser. This makes it possible to produce cool and thin TVs, but makes local control of the backlight impossible; it turns out to be uneven.
If the backlight carpet, then the diodes are distributed evenly, covering the entire area of the LCD panel. It becomes possible to locally control groups of LEDs, providing better color rendition. There are no gaps in the backlight, but the TV is a little thicker.
The size difference is not that big. Therefore, it is more logical to give preference to a TV with Direct LED.
- Response
Whatever the color rendering and screen resolution, low speed response may nullify all the pleasure of watching. According to this criterion, TVs with TN matrices are ahead. But, as mentioned above, the picture suffers. The trade-off between response time and image quality is realized in VA matrices. IPS is left behind, unless it is modern subtypes like e-IPS and s-IPS.
For example, the response time on a 32-inch Philips TV is 2 ms, an impressive result. You can play the console and watch an action movie. Near 20 thousand rubles, at any electronics store.
- White balance
The TV must contribute as little as possible distortions in the original content. Only now, modern manufacturers are not interested in ensuring that their displays meet color standards, but in ensuring that they sell. Therefore, more “rich blues” and “living reds” appear than those of their competitors. That is, the brightness and saturation of some colors programmatically overpriced, temperature changed. In a good way, if manufacturers set up their products correctly, then the TVs displayed on the counter would show similar images.
It is a common belief that Japanese and Korean companies often oversaturate colors and push their brightness up. The image temperature is usually below the reference 6500 K. While European manufacturers (for example, Phillips) are striving for more natural colors and correct white balance. An example is a 50-inch Phillips with a VA matrix. Adequate white balance coupled with low response time and natural colors. Everything you need to watch TV in the living room. Price - almost 45 thousand rubles.
- Smart Smart TV
The main point is availability fast browser and a wide range of applications for consuming online content. Moreover, for comfortable surfing the Internet, support for Flash and HTML5 is required. The interface should be convenient and intuitive. The Wi-Fi module greatly simplifies life for those who are bothered by unnecessary wires. Which, however, is not critical.
Where can I find all this? Alternatively, try it Android TV. Eat convenient store adapted applications, control from a smartphone is implemented, and the browser is faster. This Android is built into the 55-inch Philips 6500 series. The OS in this TV is a converted 5.1 (Lollipop). But 75 thousand rubles They are not asking for Smart TV. It's just a huge stylish TV with a cool image, Ambilight backlight and everything necessary.
- Optimal screen size
There are no clear criteria for choosing the size of a TV. It's no secret that the further the viewer sits from the screen, the larger the diagonal is needed. It all comes down to personal preference, but the overall picture looks like this:
The viewing angle is also important. This is why TN TVs are not suitable for the living room. If you look from the side, the picture will change color.
- Suitable 3D technology
If the choice fell on 3D TVs, you need to decide on the technology for transmitting stereoscopic images. Two main ones: active and passive. You need glasses everywhere.
With 3D active, the image is fed alternately to each eye at a very high frequency, which is synchronized with the frequency of the TV. This gives many people headaches and eyes. But the picture is displayed in the same resolution, albeit slightly darkened. The glasses have a built-in shutter mechanism that alternately closes the right and left lenses. This requires a power source, which means the glasses will have to be charged from time to time. The TV set usually includes one or two pairs of such glasses, the rest will have to be purchased, and they cost a lot.
In passive 3D, the image is perceived as a whole, the TV simply sends the picture at different angles for the left and right eyes. The glasses are simpler and work without batteries. Their lenses are special filters that only accept images from the right angles. The main thing is not to run into glasses with linear polarization, otherwise you will have to keep your head strictly vertical when viewing. It is better to take a kit that supports circular polarization. It would seem that these are all advantages, but the image quality suffers: the resolution is lower, dynamic scenes are distorted, and there is less “depth” of the 3D effect. A whole bunch of these glasses will be placed in the box with the TV, enough for the whole family. Yes they are for sale cheap, buying more is not a problem.
Many manufacturers produce TVs with one of the above technologies. There are exceptions. For example, the Philips range includes both models with active and passive 3D.
When you purchase some additional equipment for your computer, such as an LCD monitor, there are many factors to consider. Today we will talk about such a parameter as response time. Knowing how the response time affects the image reproduced by the monitor, you can easily make the right choice.
The LCD monitor became the heir to the outdated CRT CRT monitors, significantly improving the weight and size characteristics similar devices. CRT monitors were very large and heavy, while modern LCD monitors are very light and compact. Unlike CRT monitors, LCD monitors are available in a wider range of models with different screen diagonals - from 14 to 28 inches. LCD operation characterized by a wide list of parameters, such as the maximum supported resolution, black color display depth, color purity, quality of color reproduction, as well as other parameters, among which response time occupies a special place.
Response time
The response time for an LCD monitor is one of the key characteristics that you should pay attention to when choosing a monitor. Response time can be described as the time an LCD monitor takes to change the color of each pixel. A high response time leads to such an unpleasant defect in the image as afterglow or trailing. When playing fast moving objects, such as an athlete, a vehicle, or a bird, they may leave a trail on the screen. This is due to the response time being too high, which can negatively affect the quality of dynamic scenes in films and computer games. Response time is measured in milliseconds - the lower this number, the better quality picture you will get on the monitor.
2ms or 5ms
Any response time less than 15 milliseconds is acceptable for LCD monitors and guarantees sufficient image quality, free from trailing motion and other artifacts. In general, an LCD monitor with a 2ms response time is considered better than a monitor with a 5ms response time. However, you should consider other parameters that affect the quality of video display. Thus, an LCD monitor with a response time of 2 ms may have weaknesses in other areas, for example, in the quality of color reproduction. And then it may turn out that a monitor with a 5 ms response time is preferable for performing your tasks. If you are preparing to purchase a monitor, we recommend that you conduct a practical comparison of models with a response time of 2 or 5 ms.
What response time to choose
In general, if you only use your computer to watch videos and play computer games, then be sure to choose a monitor with a response time of less than 12 ms. For many people, the difference between 2 and 5 ms response times is indistinguishable. They are more likely to pay attention to the fact that a monitor with a 5 ms response is cheaper than a monitor with a 2 ms response. In the end, the choice is yours - choose a monitor in the price range that suits you and with the necessary characteristics.
